How Do Microwave Sensors in Automatic Doors Function?

In today’s fast-paced environments—whether in retail stores, hospitals, office buildings, or transportation hubs—automatic doors play a critical role in enabling safe, convenient, and touch-free entry. One of the core technologies powering these systems is the microwave sensor.

So, how do microwave sensors in automatic doors function? Let’s explore their technology, advantages, and applications.

What Is a Microwave Sensor?

A microwave sensor is a type of motion detector that uses Doppler radar technology to detect moving objects. Unlike infrared sensors that rely on temperature differences, microwave sensors emit high-frequency electromagnetic waves (usually around 24.125 GHz or 5.8 GHz) and analyze the reflected signals.

When an object—such as a person—moves within the detection zone, it causes a change in the frequency of the reflected waves (the Doppler effect), which triggers the sensor to send a signal to open the door.

How Microwave Sensors Work in Automatic Doors

Here’s a step-by-step breakdown:

Wave Emission
The sensor continuously emits microwave signals in a predefined detection area.

Signal Reflection
These waves bounce back to the sensor after hitting objects in the environment.

Motion Detection
When a moving object enters the field, it causes a frequency shift in the reflected signal.

Trigger Response
The sensor’s internal circuitry recognizes the motion and sends a signal to the automatic door controller.

Door Activation
The controller activates the door motor to open the door smoothly and safely.

Advantages of Microwave Sensors

High Sensitivity to Motion
Microwave sensors are highly responsive to movement, making them ideal for busy entrances.

Large Detection Range
They can cover a broader area compared to infrared sensors, including long corridors or wide entrances.

Works in Various Conditions
Unlike infrared sensors, microwave sensors are not affected by ambient temperature, dust, or light conditions.

Fast Response Time
Instant detection and signal transmission ensure quick door operation for enhanced user experience.

Typical Applications

Microwave sensors are widely used in:

Commercial buildings and shopping malls

Airports and metro stations

Healthcare facilities

Industrial access points

Hotel and hospitality entrances

They are also commonly paired with infrared presence sensors to provide both motion detection and user safety.

Microwave vs. Infrared Sensors

Feature

Microwave Sensors

Infrared Sensors

Detection Principle

Motion via Doppler effect

Temperature and presence

Sensitivity

Very sensitive to movement

Sensitive to presence

Environmental Impact

Less affected by temperature

Affected by heat and sunlight

Best Use Case

High-traffic, motion-sensitive

Safety and presence detection

For optimal performance, many automatic door systems combine both sensor types to ensure reliable motion detection and enhanced safety.

Conclusion

Microwave sensors are a vital component of intelligent automatic door systems. By leveraging Doppler radar technology, they deliver precise, responsive, and reliable motion detection across a wide range of commercial and industrial applications.

At Qinuo Electronics Co., Ltd., we offer advanced microwave sensor solutions designed for seamless integration, long service life, and user safety.

Contact us to learn more about our microwave sensor models, technical specifications, and how they can enhance your door automation systems.

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